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国家发改委：黄土高原已历史性实现主色调由“黄”转“绿”******

　　光明网讯（记者袁晴）国务院新闻办公室1月12日举行新闻发布会，邀请水利部、国家发展改革委有关负责人介绍加强新时代水土保持工作有关情况。

　　2019年以来，习近平总书记多次就推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展发表了重要讲话，对加快黄河流域以及水土流失治理作出了重要指示批示。《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》强调要加强黄河流域水土保持工作，下一步将采取哪些具体措施来推进相关工作？

　　针对上述提问，国家发展改革委农村经济司负责人关锡璠在会上作出回应。

国家发改委：黄土高原已历史性实现主色调由“黄”转“绿”

国家发展改革委农村经济司负责人关锡璠（徐想摄）

　　关锡璠表示，黄河流域是我国水土流失最严重的区域，全面加强水土保持工作，对区域生态保护和经济社会高质量发展、对防治水土流失造成的土地贫瘠、河道淤积、生态环境恶化等问题具有重要作用。国家发改委、水利部按照决策部署，针对黄土高原水土流失面广量大、强度高等特点，及时对“十四五”时期的投资结构、投向做了优化调整，持续加大这个区域的投入力度。2021年以来，已经累计投入了40亿元，经过多年治理，这个区域累计治理水土流失面积1.81万平方公里，黄土高原地区水土流失面积已由监测以来最严重的45万平方公里减少到23.13万平方公里，同时黄河输沙量大幅减少，区域已经历史性实现了主色调由“黄”转“绿”。

　　“在黄河流域水土保持工作取得长足进展的同时，我们应该看到，这个区域仍然是我国水土流失最严重的区域，特别是像黄土高原坡耕地水土流失、沟道重力侵蚀等问题还比较突出，是黄河泥沙的主要来源。”关锡璠说，黄河目前还是世界上泥沙含量最高的河流，做好黄河流域水土保持工作不仅关系到这个区域的生态保护大局，也关系到黄河水沙协调和长治久安。

　　关锡璠介绍，国家发改委将会同水利部等有关部门，在政策规划资金等方面都有相应的安排，继续将黄河流域尤其是黄土高原地区作为我国水土保持工作的重点。坚持“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念，坚持系统治理、综合施策，围绕推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展目标，从以下三个方面加力推进黄河流域水土保持工作。

　　一是加强预防保护。预防一直是水土保持的首要举措，做好预防，效率高、效果好。要科学做好水土流失重点预防区、重要支流源头区的水土保持规划，像砒砂岩区、多沙粗沙区、水蚀风蚀交错区，这些区域生态环境非常脆弱，要加强保护，持续提升流域生态质量。以资源开发和基础设施项目为重点，完善水土流失预防和治理措施，有效控制生产建设的扰动和影响。

　　二是推进系统治理。以黄河流域上中游粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区为重点，大力实施坡耕地水土流失治理工程，统筹提升水土保持和粮食生产能力。突出抓好黄河多沙粗沙区，特别是粗泥沙集中来源区综合治理。

　　三是强化监测评价。监测是做好预防治理的基础和前提，要考虑优化黄河流域水土保持监测站点布局，推进黄河粗泥沙集中来源区拦沙工程水土保持专项监测，构建以监测站点为基础、常态化动态监测为主、定期调查为补充的水土保持监测体系，深化监测评价和预报预警，支撑黄河流域水土流失科学精准防治。

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.